Blog Foreword
Warning: Simplified and/or fonetic spelling ahed!
The following ar outtakes from two writs. The spelling in the writs is as it was written. One must keep in mind that the list is only a "partial" reform. The list at the end was never ment to be the last list as other spellings had yet to be workt out so that most folks wuud hold with them.
Indeed, I don’t hold with all the foresets below, huru the not-twaining (not doubling) of many consonants to show a short vowel. The untwaining of un-historical and unfonetic consonants such as in afford (aford) and allay (alay) ar good … hwich (which), hwile (while) in the writ, ar not on the list! However, I deem it better to twain consonants hwer (where) the twu stafs are said or it makes the foregoing vowel short.
I believ they wrongly drop the twain-p from apple (ap-pel) hwer both ar said and keep the twain-p in appeal (a-peal) on the list. The twu p's in appeal arn’t said and having twu p's is misleading (tho it is apeal in the writ, it’s not on the list). The first p in appel also helps show that the stress is on the first syllabel. Apple shuud be written as appel not apl. Apl is befuddling as it cuud be either appel or appeal. Thus, appel and apeal ar the better ways to write theze words. However, as the writ says: Less prejudice is excited by omissions than alterations of letters. Thus it is easier to drop the e and write littl than it is to get folks to write littel. In that befall, I would write appl rather than apl.
Oddly the list isn't steddy (consistent) in the way it handels sum words. It has foregon but (wrongly I think) drops the first e from forehead to forhed. The silent e on the forefast fore- does hav meaning. For-, fer- is an intensifier … often negativ; hweras fore- means before.
The u is droppt to make garantee, gard, gess, gest, gild, and gilty, but oddly left in guize. On the list, stiff loses an f to stif, but stiffend keeps it. The s in measure becomes z, meszure everyhwer but in admesure. Theze unsteddinesses crop up in other words as well.
Overall, I don’t like the (w)holesale dropping of vowels like in givn (given) and I'd rather write littel, middel, asf rather than littl, middl … or worse, litl, midl as they do. Oddly, it is left in soveren rather than the weend sovrn. Threten keeps the e hwile thretnd drops it. So one can see a few mor of the unsteddinesses of the list. Given that the list is sum 3500 words, one shuudn’t be amaz'd that ther ar a few such mistakes.
Sum words seem to hav shifted the way to say them sinse this list came out … mayhap pronunciation chasing spelling. Words like agile, bissextile, camomile, fissile, hostile, juvenile, mobile, nubile, respite, and many mor may be said with a short i or a long ī. Forbade is wuntedly said with a long ā. Iodine, oxide and palatine ar said with a ī. All of these are written on the list as if the i is short.
Sadly, the list keeps up the raveling of the staf c. I strongly gainsay writing scimitar as cimitar and scissors as cissors … they shuud be simitar and sissors. Hwen dropping the h from sch for sk, it shuud be written sk. Thus I gainsay scolar, scolastic, scool, scooner … these shuud be skolar, skolastic, skool, and skooner. … Liken sked.
Thankfully, they did not fall into the fremless trap of trying to sunder the twu slightly otherly th sounds.
Ther ar many spelling oddnesses like the qu = qw or k; g = j, the fremless o in -ous, and others that need to be done over that, as far as I know, they never got to.
Many of the following spellings, I ween, not only do not help the unknowing to know how say the words, but may hinder them even mor (see apl abuv) and thus defeats the reason behind spelling reform. A spelling like apl is sheer pedantry and one needs to know how to say the word before ever reading it … otherwize one might say apul, apil … and may never gess the flat a (æ) at the beginning.
Ther ar many, many guud spellings in the following writs; however, I think many … like apl or fobd… put too much emfasis on shortness and trying to pijjenhole a spelling rather than keeping the end-reader in mynd.
Sum of the spellings, like arabesq / arabesk, aford, asf ar put forth in the body of the erlier writ but ar not on the later list.
The writs ar sumhwat edited for length otherwize they ar as written. The list however is given in full with any errors and oddnesses such as introduction: introduction, squawl: squawl. I don't know why these ar ther … maybe they ment to write squalled: squald. Nonetheless, I left them as is. The only editing of the list is to groop sum like words together to make the length a littel shorter.
So, without further ado:
The New Spellings of the Philological Society of London
F. A. March
Transactions of the American Philological Association (1869-1896), Vol. 12 (1881), pp. 52-68
Next follow "Details". They ar givn here in the language of the pamflet. Comments ar added in brackets. The lists of ilustrations ar not givn in full.
… There is no necessity that the corected words should be numerous; the great point is that they should be free from objection. But in fact sum of the corections ar open to ernest objection.
… The obstacls to reform ar the difficulty and inconvenience of change; but large changes hav been made and ar now going on. Much prejudice, however, is excited by unfamiliar forms of words, and this is a reazon for avoiding changes which ocur very often, such as ov for of, z for s in inflections, and the like. Less prejudice is excited by omissions than alterations of letters.
… Etymology and history. Etymological spelling, in its conventional sense, consists simply in retaining the fonetic spellings of an erlier period after they hav becum unfonetic.
Such a spelling destroys the materials on which etymological investigations ar based — namely, a continuous series of fonetic spellings.
Altho theze views ar now accepted by all filologists, an apeal to traditional spellings, in introducing a partial reform, has two uses:
a. it afords a basis of agreement which may be otherwize wanting, as in the expulsion of the s of island; and
b. afords a convenient principl of limitation. It also servs as a test of the sincerity of thoze who opoze reform solely on "etymological" grounds.
Sum "etymological" spellings ar incorect, as s in island; sum corect, as k in knee: classes of spellings ar often neutral. Silent e, for exampl, is neutral, since it is a mere chance whether it corresponds to an older vowel or not; so final silent b. It is very difficult, therefore, to giv rules on etymological grounds which wil not hav many exceptions
VOWELS.
e. Silent e has no etymological value, and should be omitted wherever foneticaly useless, that is, wherever it does not lengthen a preceding vowel, and in sum other cases noticed below.
In the following words it is foneticaly misleading, being added to a short vowel followd by a singl consonant, and should therefor be dropt:
Above, abuv; are, ar; … ; come, cum; comes, cums; dove, duv; give, giv; given, givn; gone, gon; have, hav; live, liv; lived, livd; love, luv; shove, shuv; some, sum; somewhat, sumwhat; vineyard, vinyard; welcome, welcum; were, wer.
…
In the following cases it is foneticaly useless.
It should be dropt after v and z preceded by a writn long vowel or a consonant, as in:
Aggrieve, agreev [agriev]; aggrieves, agreevs [agrievs]; aggrieved, agreevd [agrievd]; believe, beleev [believ]; calve, calv; carve, carv; cleave, cleav; curve, curv; involve, involv; leave, leav; move…, moov; nerve, nerv; perceive, perceiv; preserve, prezerv; prove …, proov; receive, receiv.
Frieze, freez [friez]; furze, furz; wheeze, wheez; adze, adz.
e should be dropt after s = z preceded by a consonant or writn long vowel, whether z is writn insted of the s or not:
Appease, apeaz; applause, aplauz; cheese, cheez; clause, clauz;
Also in -dge,as in: Edge, edg; edged, edgd; knowledge, knowledg. Compare Edgware, acknowledgment.
And in: Apse, aps; axe, ax; collapse, colaps; collapsed, colapst; glimpse, glimps; lapse, laps.
…
For -re write -er:
Centre, center; centres, centers; centred, centerd; lustre, luster; metre, meter; mitre, miter; nitre, niter; saltpetre, saltpeter; sceptre, scepter; sepulchre, sepulcher; spectre, specter; theatre, theater.
The change has alredy been made in (gas)meter, barometer, tiger, etc. [and in the other words by Webster and others].
The e of -le can be dropt
(a) where the l is preceded by two consonants, as in: Apostle, apostl; assemble, asembl; assembles, asembls; assembled, asembld; pebble, pebl; … ; single, singl;
(b) where l is preceded by a singl consonant with a short vowel before it: Couple, cupl; double, dubl;
(c) where a writn long vowel precedes, as in: Beadle, beadl; foible, foibl;
(d) in the terminations -able, -ible, and -icle, as in: Agreeable, agreeabl; article, articl; articles, articls; possible, possibl; probable, probabl; sensible, sensibl.
e can be dropt in -ine, -ise, -ite, -ive, -some, wherever the i or o is short, as in: Discipline, disciplin; doctrines, doctrins; examined, examind; feminine, feminin; practise, practis; promise, promis; treatise, treatis; premise, premis; definite, definit; favourite, favorit; infinite, infinit; opposite, opposit; motive, motiv; motives, motivs; repulsive, repulsiv; talkative, talkativ; handsome, handsum; quarrelsome, quarrelsum; tiresome, tiresum; wholesome, holesum.
…
Where the e modifies the preceding vowel (not necessarily by lengthening) in any way, it cannot be omitted: this is specialy the case after u, as in volume, soluble, nature, measure. The e coud be omitted after u in sum words, such as figure and injure, …
e before a consonant is often dropt in -es and -ed …, of which many exampls ar givn abuv.
ea has the etymological value of simpl e, which preceded it in Midl English, and the a can be omitted in: Bread, bred; breadth, bredth; breakfast, brekfast; breast, brest; breath, breth; …; cleanse, clenz; dead, ded; deaf, def; dearth, derth; death, deth; dread, dred; dreamed[?], dremt; earl, erl; early, erly; earn, ern; earnest, ernest; earth, erth; endeavour, endevor; feather, fether; head, hed; health, helth; heard, herd; hearse, herse; heaven, heven; heavy, hevy; jealous, jelous; lead, sb., led; leaned[?], lent; learn, lern; leaped, lept; leather, lether; leaven, leven; meadow, medow; meant, ment; measure, mezure; pearl, perl; peasant, pezant; pheasant, fezant; pleasant, plezant; pleasure, plezure; read, prt., red; ready, redy; realm, relm; rehearse, reherse; search, serch; spread, spred; stead, sted; steady, stedy; stealth, stelth; sweat, swet; thread, thred; threat, thret; threaten, threten; treachery, trechery; tread, tred; treadle, tredl; treasure, trezure; wealth, welth; weapon, wepon; weather, wether; yearn, yern; zealous, zelous.
Where ea has the sound of a, the analogy of hark justifies us in omitting the e, thereby restoring frequent Tudor spellings: Hearken, harken; heart, hart; hearth, harth.
eau. The older spelling of beauty should be restord: Beauty, beuty.
ei. The e of height is useless: Height …, hiht.
eo. Where eo has the sound of e, the older spellings should be restord: jeopardy, jepardy; leopard, lepard;…
In yeoman the e is useless.
i. The unhistorical i of parliament should be dropt: Parliament, parlament. The commonest Midl English spelling is parlement.
o. The Tudor oo should be restord in: Behove, behoov; lose, looz; move, moov; prove,
proov. [It is better not to urge oo for an u-sound; pruve is a better spell-
ing than proov, and we need not yet despair of it.]
In the following the Old English and Old French u should be restord: Above (abuv), affront (afrunt), attorney (aturney), borough (buroh) [?], colour (culor) [?], come, comfit,comfrey, comfort (cumfort), companion (cumpanion), company, compass, conjuror (cunjuror), constable, covenant, cover, covet, covey, discomfit, dove, dozen, front, govern, honey,love, money, mongrel, monk, monkey, plover, pommel, shove, shovel, some, son, sponge, stomach, thorough (thuroh) [?], ton, tongue (tung), won, wonder, worm, worry, worse, worship, worst, worth.
In women (O.E. wifmenn) original i should be restord.
ou. The Old English and Old French u should be restord in: Adjourn (ajurn), bourgeon (burgeon), country, couple (cupl), couplet, courage, cousin, double, enough (enuf), flourish, journal, journey, …, nourish, rough (ruf), scourge, southerly, southern, through (thru), touch, touching, tough (tuf), trouble (trubl).
The ou in enough and tough has no historical value, and may therefor be made fonetic; …
In -ough the u is useless (O.E. bohte, dohte, etc.): Bought, boht; brought, broht; fought, foht; ought, oht; sought, soht; though, tho; thought, thoht; wrought, wroht.
…
In -our the dropping of the u should be carried out everywhere [as in Webster and Worcester].
u after g in nativ English words is unetymological, and is not more required in guess, etc., than in get, gill, girdle, give, etc. The u in guarantee and guard is no more required than in regard and gage.
Guarantee, garantee; guard, gard; guardian, gardian; guess, gess; guest, gest; guild, gild; guilt, gilt.
…
Silent u should be dropt after q, conquer being thus distinguisht from conquest:
…
Silent ue should be dropt after q wherever the u is silent and the e not required for lengthening: Arabesque, arabesq; arabesques, arabesqs; burlesque; burlesqued, burlesqt; casque; cheque, cheq [check]; cinque, cinq; grotesque, grotesq; mosque, mosq.
ue is not more required in the English cinque that in the French cinq.
[… Better put in k (arabesk) …]
ue is historicaly useless (due to the influence of Modern French spelling) in the following words after g and should be dropt: Apologue (apolog), catalogue, colleague, decalogue, demagogue, dialogue, eclogue, epilogue, harangue (harang), league, monologue, mystagogue, pedagogue, prologue, synagogue, tongue (tung).
CONSONANTS.
There ar many words beginning with unaccented prefixes in which the analogy of Latin words like accuse, commit, immure, has led to an unhistorical dubling. Such words as account, allow, arrive, attack, and many others, wer taken straiht from Old French, where they had singl consonants, the dubling, being a later etymological fancy. In such words as affront and affair, from a front, a faire, it is based on sheer ignorance; as also in the nativ English words, accursed, afford, affright, from Old English acursod, aforðian, afyrht. In short, this dubling has litl or no etymological value, … Abbreviate, abreviate; accuse, acuze; …; address, adress; adjust, ajust; affair, afair; arrange, assist, attack, command, commit, connect, etc.
Acquit, adjust, etc., ar, of course, equivalent to accwit, addzhust.
The dubl consonants must be kept in accented syllabls, as in aggravate.
Consonants may, of course, be dubld or kept dubl where necessary or convenient, as in detter for debtor, added, whizzing.
b is etymologicaly wrong in debt, doubt, subtle, which cum from the Old French dete, doute, sutil, theze being also the older English spellings. The b in -mb is etymologicaly useless, having often been added without reazon, as in limb = Old English lim: Bomb, bom; crumb, crum; debt, det; debtor, detter; doubt; dumb; lamb; limb, lim; numb; plumb, plumber, plummer; redoubt, redout; subtle, sutl; succumb, sucum; thumb, thum.
Detter is a frequent Tudor spelling. …
c. Initial c in cinder, from Old English sinder, is due to a mistaken etymology from French cendre.
Medial c is writn unetymologicaly for s in a large number of words, …: Cinder, sinder; expence, expense; fierce, feerse [fierse]; hence, hense; once, onse; pence, pense; scarce, scarse; since, sinse; source, sourse; thence, thense; tierce, teerse [tierse]; whence, whense.
…
ch. For ache the older ake should be restord. anchor was spelt anker in erlier English: it has been refashiond after the Latin anchora, itself a corupt spelling of Greek agkara. The h in chamomile, cholet; cholera (cf. colic), melancholy, school, stomach, is a late insertion paralel to that of b in debt: in Midl English theze words wer writn camomille, coler(ik), melancolie, scole, stomak. …
d. The dropping of the e of -ed involvs the change of d into t after a voiceless consonant, together with the simplification of dubl consonants. Barred, bard; crossed, crost; erred, erd; looked, lookt; pulled, puld; rained, raind; restored …, restord; slipped, slipt; tugged, tugd; whizzed, whizd.
…
g is a late insertion in feign (cf. feint), foreign, sovereign (on the analogy of reign, with which it is totaly unconected). Feign, fein; foreign, forein [foren]; sovereign, soverein [soveren].
It has been propozed to restore Milton’s sovran, … The best spelling is soveren, foren.]
gh. The h is etymologicaly useless in aghast, burgh, ghost (O.E. gast). gh in night, etc., is a late and clumzy substitute for Old English h (niht, dohtor, etc.). The g should be omitted wherever gh is silent. Where gh = f, it may either be provizionaly retaind or else changed … as has alredy been done in draft = draught, and, at an erlier period, in dwarf from Old English dweorhz.
Aghast, agast; daughter, dauhter [dauter]; delight, delite; eight, eiht [eit]; ghost, gost; haughty, hauty; …; height, hiht; night, niht …; plough, plouh [plow]; sprightly, spritely; straight, straiht [strait]; thorough, thuroh [thuro]; though, tho; through, thru; weight, weiht [weit]. …
1 dropt in could (Old E. cuðe), which ows it to the false analogy of would and should, where it is historical:
p in receipt is a modern insertion, which has not been made in the paralel conceit, deceit,etc.
ph for v in nephew is unmeaning, … .
s is wrongly inserted in aisle (O.F. ele), demesne, island (O.E. igland), isle.
Aisle, aile; demesne, demene; island, iland; isle, ile … .
The retention of s = z is the cheef obstacl to the regulation of silent e (p. 59). As the change of inflectional s in such words as dens, gives, would involv a disproportionately large number of alterations, it is advizabl to leav it unchanged at first, as also in very common words, such as as, is, was.
The change is especialy recomended, 1, in distinctiv words, such as use (verb); and 2, in the termination -ise:
Abuse vb., abuze; advertise, advertize; choose, chooz; chosen, chozen; close vb., cloze; diffuse vb., difuze; dissolve, dizolv; excuse vb., excuze; house vb., houz; mouse vb., mouz; pleasure, plezure; raise, raiz; refuse vb., refuze; rise, rize.
z is alredy in use in freeze, frozen (tho not in choose, chosen), in size, furze, civilize, etc. Besides its purely fonetic use in nativ English words, it is always writn both foneticaly and etymologicaly in Greek words. Hense sum object to the spelling analyze (Gk. analysis) as unetymological; but the question is simply whether we ar to carry out the English fonetic or the Greek etymological use of z: if the latter, we must write freese, sise, etc.; if the former, analyze.
sc. The c is eroneously inserted in scent (Fr. sentir) and scythe (O.E. siðe): Scent, sent; sceptic, skeptic …; scythe, sithe.
…
w is unetymological in whole (O.E. hal; cf. heal). Whole, hole.
APENDIX.
The following changes wer advocated by so large a majority that it was thoht advizabl to include them among the imediate reforms, … .
gh. Substitute f for gh where so pronounced, as has alredy been done in draft … and dwarf: Chough, chuf; cough, cof; draught, draft; enough, enuf; laugh, laf; laughter, lafter; rough, ruf; slough, sluf; tough, tuf; trough, trof.
The vowels in theze words hav but litl historical value. The u in most of them, such as cough, laugh, trough, is not original; cf. O. E. cohhettan, hlihhan, trog; enough, tough = O.E. genoh, toh, rough = ruh.
ph. If f wer substituted for ph everywhere, as in Italian, Spanish, and the Scandinavian languages, a letter would be saved, and etymology would not be apreciably obscured: Blaspheme, blasfeme; camphor, camfor; phantasm, fantasm; philosophy, filosofy; photograph, fotograpf; sphere, sfere.
With phantasm cf. fancy.
List of Amended Spellings
RECOMMENDED BY THE PHILOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON AND THE AMERICAN PHILOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION
Transactions of the American Philological Association (1869-1896), Vol: 17 (1886), pp: 127-149
TEN RULES.
1. e. — Drop silent e when fonetically useless, writing -er for -re, as in live, single, eaten, rained, theatre, etc.
2. ea. — Drop a from ea having the sound of e, as in feather, leather, etc.
3. o. — For o having the sound of u in but write u in above (abuv), tongue (tung), and the like.
4. ou. — Drop o from ou having the sound of u in but in trouble, rough (ruf), and the like; for -our unaccented write -or, as in honour.
5. u, ue. — Drop silent u after g before a, and in nativ English words, and drop final ue: guard, guess, catalogue, league, etc.
6. Dubl consonants may be simplified when fonetically useless: bailiff, (not hall, etc.), battle (batl), written (writn), traveller, etc.
7. d. — Change d and ed final to t when so pronounced, as in looked (lookt), etc., unless the e affects the preceding sound, as in chafed, etc.
8. gh, ph. — Change gh and ph to f when so sounded: enough (enuf), laughter (lafter), etc.; phonetic (fonetic), etc.
9. s. — Change s to z when so sounded, especially in distinctiv words and in -ise: abuse, verb (abuze), advertise (advertize), etc.
10. t. — Drop t in tch: catch, pitch, etc.
The following is a synopsis of all the changes:
au: a.
b dropt.
bb: b.
c: s.
ch: c.
: k.
dd: d.
d: t.
e dropt.
ea: e.
: a.
eau: eu.
-ed: d, t.
ei: i.
en: n.
eo: e.
: o.
ff: f.
g dropt
gg: g.
gh: g.
gh dropt.
gh: ck.
gh: f.
h dropt.
i dropt.
ie: i.
: e.
-ine: in.
-ise: is.
: ize.
-ite: it.
-ive: iv.
l dropt.
-ll: l.
-le: l.
-nn: n
o: u.
: i.
ou: u.
: o.
p dropt.
ph: f.
: v.
-rr: r.
-re: er.
s dropt
:z.
sc-: s.
: c.
: sk.
-se: s.
: ze, z.
-some: sum.
-tt: t
tch: ch.
u dropt.
ue dropt.
:u
-ve: v.
w dropt.
y: i.
-zz: z.
ze: z.
AMENDED SPELLINGS.
abandoned: abandond
abashed: abasht
abhorred: abhor-d
ablative: ablativ
-able, unaccented: -abl
abolishable: abolishabl
abolished: abolisht
abominable: abominabl
abortive: abortiv
above: abuv
abreast: abrest
absolve: absolv
absolved: absolvd
absorbed: absorbd
absorbable: absorbabl
absorptive: absorptiv
abstained: abstaind
abstractive: abstractiv
abuse, v: abuze
abusive: abusiv
accelerative:
accelerativ acceptable:
acceptabl accessible:
accessibl
accommodative: accomodativ
accompaniment: accumpaniment
accompany: accumpany
accomplished:accomplish
accountable: accountabl
affirmable: affirmabl
accumulative: accumulativ
affirmative: affirmativ
accursed: accurs-ed, accurst
accusative: accusativ
accustomed: accustomd
acephalous: acefalous
ache, ake: ake
achievable: achievabl
achieve: achiev
achieved: achievd
acquirable: acquirabl
acquisitive: acquisitiv
actionable: actionabl active: activ
adaptable: adaptabl
adaptive: adaptiv
add: ad
addle: adl
addled: adld
addressed:: addrest
adhesive: adhesiv
adjective: adjectiv
adjoined: adjoind
adjourn: adjurn
adjourned: adjurnd
adjunctive: adjunctiv
adjustable: adjustabl
admeasure: admesure
administered: administerd
administrative: administrativ
admirable: admirabl
admissible: admissibl
admixed: admixt
admonished: admonisht
admonitive: admonitiv
adoptive: adoptiv
adorable: adorabl
adorned: adornd
adulterine: adulterin
adventuresome: adventuresum
adversative: adversativ
advertise, -ize: advertize
advertisement: advertizement, advertizment
advisable: advizabl
advise: advize [verb]
advisement: advizement advisory: advizory
adze, adz: adz
affable: affabl
affective: affectiv
affirmed: affirmd
affirmable: affirmabl
affirmative: affirmativ
affixed: affixt
afflictive: afflictiv affront: affrunt
afront, adv: afrunt
agglutinative: agglutinativ
aggressive: aggressiv
aggrieve: aggriev / aggrieved: aggrievd
aghast: agast
agile: agil
agreeable: agreeabl
ahead: ahed
ailed: aild
aimed: aimd
aired: aird
aisle: aile
alarmed: alarmd
alienable: alienabl
alimentiveness: alimentivness
allayed: allayd
alliterative: alliterativ
allowed: allowd
allowable: allowabl
alloyed: alloyd
allusive: allusiv
alpha: alfa
alphabet: alfabet
already: alredy
alterable: alterabl
altered: alterd
alterative: alterativ
alternative: alternativ
although: altho
alumine, alumin: alumin
amaranthine: amaranthin
amassed: amast
amative: amativ
amble: ambl
ambled: ambld
ambushed: ambusht
amenable: amenabl
amethystine: amethystin
amiable: amiabl
amicable: amicabl
amorphous: amorfous
amphibia: amfibia
amphibian: amfibian
amphibious: amfibious
amphibrach: amfibrach
amphitheater, -tre: amfitheater
ample: ampl
amplificative: amplificativ
amusive: amusiv
anaglyph: anaglyf
analogue: analog
analyze, analyse: analyze
anapest, anapaest: anapest
anchor: anker / anchored: ankerd
anchorage: ankerage
angered: angerd
angle: angl
angled: angld
anguished: anguisht
anise: anis
ankle: ankl
annealed: anneald
annexed: annext
annoyed: annoyd
annulled: annuld
answered: answerd
anthropophagy: anthropofagy
anticipative: anticipativ
antiphony: antifony
antiphrasis: antifrasis
antistrophe: antistrofe
aphyllous: afyllous
apocalypse: apocalyps
apocrypha: apocryfa
apocryphal: apocryfal
apologue: apolog
apostle: apostl
apostrophe: apostrofe
apostrophize: apostrofize
appalled: appalld
appareled,-elled: appareld
appealable: appealabl
appealed: appeald
appeared: appeard
appeasable: apeasabl
appellative: appellativ
appertained: appertaind
apple: apl
applicable: applicabl
applicative: applicativ
appointive: appointiv
apportioned: apportiond
appreciable: appreciabl
appreciative: appreciativ
apprehensible: apprehensibl
apprehensive:apprehensiv
approachable: approachabl
approached: approacht
approvable: approvabl
approximative: approximativ
aquiline: aquilin, -ine
arable: arabl
arbitrable: arbitrabl
arbor, arbour: arbor
arched: archt
ardor,ardour: ardor
are: ar
argumentative: argumentativ
arise: arize
arisen: arizn
armor,armour: armor / armored, armoured: armord
arose: aroze arraigned:' arraignd
arrayed: arrayd
article: articl
artisan, artizan: artizan
asbestine: asbestin
ascendable: ascendabl
ascertained:: ascertaind
ascertainable:ascertainabl
ascribable: ascribabl
asphalt,: asfalt
asphyxia: asfyxia
assailable: assailabl
assailed:: assaild
assayed: assayd
assemble: assembl
assembled: assembld
assertive: assertiv
assessed: assest
assigned: assignd
assignable: assignabl
assimilative: assimilativ
associable: associabl
associative: associativ
assumptive: assumptiv
astonished: astonisht
atmosphere: atmosfere
atmospheric: atmosferic
atrophy: atrofy
attached: attacht
attacked: attackt
attainable: attainabl
attained: attaind
attempered: attemperd
attentive: attentiv
attractive: attractiv
attributable: attributabl
attributive: attributiv
audible: audibl
augmentative: augmentativ
auricle: auricl
authoritative: authoritativ
autobiographer: autobiografer
autobiography: autobiografy
autograph: autograf
available: availabl
availed: availd
avalanche: avalanch
averred: averd
avoidable: avoidabl
avouched: avoucht
avowed: avovwd
awakened: awakend
awe: aw
awed: awd
awsome, awesome: awsum
ax, axe: ax
axle: axl
ay, aye: ay
babble: babl
babbled: babld
backed: backt
backslidden : backslidn
bad, bade, pret:: bad
baffle: bafl
baffled: bafld
bagatelle: bagatel
bailable: bailabl
bailed: baild
bailiff: bailif
baize: baiz
balked: balkt
balled: balld
banged: bangd
banished: banisht
bankable: bankabl
banked: bankt
bantered: banterd
barbed: barbd
bareheaded: bareheded
bargained: bargaind
barnacle: barnacl
barreled, -elled: barreld
barreling, -elling: barreling
bartered: barterd
basked: baskt
batch: bach
battered: batterd
battle: batl
battled: batld
bauble: baubl
bawled: bawld
bayoneted, -etted: bayoneted
beadle: beadl [bedel]
beagle: beagl
beaked: beakt
beanned: beamd
bearable: bearabl
beaten: beatn
beauteous: beuteous
beautify: beutify
beautiful, beutiful
beauty: beuty
becalmed: becalmd
beckoned: beckond
become: becum
becoming: becuming
bedabble: bedabl / bedabbled: bedabld
bedecked: bedeckt
bedeviled, -illed: bedevild
bedewed: bedewd
bedimmed: bedimd
bedraggle: bedragl / bedraggled: bedragld
bedrenched: bedrencht
bedridden: bedridn
bedropped: bedropt
bedstead: bedsted
beetle: beetl
beeves: beevs
befall: befalln
befell: befel
befooled: befoold
befouled: befould
befriend: befrend
begged: begd
begone: begon
begotten: begotn
behavior,-our: behavior
behead: behed
belabor,belabour: belabor / belabored,belaboured: belabord
belayed: belayd
belched: belcht
beldam, beldame: beldam
beleaguer: beleager / beleaguered: beleagerd
believable: believabl
believe: believ / believed: believd
belittle: belitl / belittled: belitld
bell: bel
belled: beld
belonged: belongd
beloved: beluv-ed, beluvd
bemoaned: bemoand
bemocked: bemockt
benumb: benum / benumbed: benumd
bequeathed: bequeathd
bereave: bereav / bereaved: bereavd
berhyme, berime: berime
beseemed: beseemd
besmeared: besmeard
bespangle: bespangl / bespangled: bespangld
bespattered: bespatterd
bespread: bespred
besprinkle: besprinkl / besprinkled: besprinkld
bestirred: bestird
bestowed: bestowd
bestraddle: bestradl / bestraddled: bestradild
betrothed: betrotht
bettered: betterd
beveled,bevelled: beveld / beveling, bevelling: beveling
bewailed: bewaild
bewildered: bewilderd
bewitch: bewich / bewitched: bewicht
bewrayed: bewrayd
biased, biassed: biast
bibliographer: bibliografer
bibliography: bibliografy
bicephalous: bicefalous
bickered: bickerd
bicolored, bicoloured: biculord
bilked: bilkt
bill: bil
billed: bild
binnacle: binnacl
binocle: binocl biographer: biografer
biography: biografy
bissextile: bissextil
bister, bistre: bister
bitten: bitn
bivalve: bivalv
blabbed. blabd
blackballed. blackballd
blacked. blackt
blacken: blackn
blackened: blackhd
blackguard: blackgard
black-lead: black-led
blackmailed. blackmaild
blamable: blamabl
blameworthy: blame- wurthy
blanched: blancht
blandished:: blandisht
blaspheme: blasfeme
bowed:bowd
bowline: bowlin
boxed: boxt
boxhauled: boxhauld
blasphemous: blasfemous
blasphemy: blasfemy
bleached: bleacht
bleared: bleard
blemished: blemnisht
blenched: blencht
blende: blend
blessed, blest : bless-ed, blest:
blindworm: blindwurm
blinked blinkt
blistered: blisterd
blithesome: blithesum
blocked: blockt blockhead: blockhed
blond, blonde: blond
bloomed: bloomd
blossomed: blossomd
blotch: bloch
blotched: blocht
blubbered: blubberd
blue: blu
bluff: bluf
bluffed: bluft
blundered: blunderd
blunderhead: blunderhed
blurred: blurd
blushed: blusht
blustered: blusterd
boatable: boltabl
bobbed: bobd bobtailed:
bobtaild bodyguard:
bodygard boggle: bogl
boggled: bogld
boiled: boild
bolthead: bolthed
bomb: bom
bombazine, -sine: bombazine
bombshell: bomshel
booked: bookt
bookworm: bookwurm
boomed: boomd
booze, boose: booz
boozy, boosy: boozy
botch: boch
botched: bocht
bothered: botherd
bots, botts: bots
bottle: botl
bottled: bolld
bowed: bowd
bowline: bowlin
boxed: boxt
boxhauled: boxhauld
brachygraphy: brachygrafy
bragged: bragd
brained: braind
bramble: brambl
branched: brancht
brangle: brangl / brangled: brangld
brawled: brawld
brayed:brayd
breached: breacht
bread: bred
breadth: bredth
breakfast: brekfast
breast: brest
breath: breth
breathable: breathabl
breathed:breathd
breeched:breecht
breeze (wind): breez
brewed: brewd
bricked: brickt
bridewell: bridewel
briefed: brieft
brighten: brightn / brightened: brightnd
brindle: brindl / brindled: brindld
bristled: bristld
brittle: britl
broached: broacht
broaden: broadn
broadened: broadnd
broiled: broild
bromine, bromin: bromin
bronze: bronz
browned: brownd
browse, browze, v:: browz / browse, n: browse
brushed:: brusht
bubble: bubl
bubbled: bubld
bucked: buckt
buckle: buckl / buckled: buckld
buff: buf
build, bild: bild
building: bilding
built: bilt
bull: bul
bumble: bumbl
bumped: bumpt
bunched: buncht
bundle: bundl
bundled: bundld
bungle: bungl bungled: bungld
bur, burr: bur
burden: burdn / burdened: burdnd
burdensome: burdensum
burg, burgh: burg
burger, burgher: burger
burled: burld
burnished: burnisht
burrowed:burrowd
burthen: burthn / burthened:burthnd
bushed: busht
buskined: buskind
bussed: bust
bustle: bustl
bustled: bustld
but, butt: but
but-end, butt-end: but-end
buttered: butterd
buttoned: buttond
buttressed: buttrest
buxom: buxum
buzz: buz / buzzed: buzd
by, bye, n:: by
bygone: bygon
caballed: cabald
cabined: cabind
cackle: cackl
cackled: cackld
cacography: cacografy
cacophony: cacofony
caitiff: caitif
calculable: calculabl
calendered: calenderd
caliber, -bre: caliber
calif, caliph, kalif, kaliph, etc:: calif or kalif
calked: calkt
called: calld
caligraphv: caligrafy
calve: calv
calved: calvd
camomile, cham-: camomile
camped: campt
camphene: camfene
camphor: camfor
canalled:- canald
canceled,-elled: canceld
canceling, -elling: canceling
cancellation: cancelation
candle: candl
candor, candour: candor
cankered: cankerd
cantered: canterd
canticle: canticl
capered: caperd
captive: captiv
carbuncle: carbuncl
careened: careend
careered: careerd
caressed: carest
carminative: carminativ
caroled,-olled: carold
caroling, -olling:- caroling
carped: carpt
caruncle: caruncl
carve: carv carved: carvd
cashiered:- cashierd
caste: cast
castle: castl
catalogue: catalog / catalogued: catalogd / cataloguer: cataloger
catastrophe: catastrofe
catch: cach
catechise: catechize
catered: caterd
caterwauled:- caterwauld
cattle: catl
caucused, -ussed: caucust / caucusing, -ussing: caucusing
caudle: caudl
causative: causativ cauterise, -ize: cauterize
caviled, -illed: cavild / caviling, -illing: caviling
cawed: cawd
cayenne: cayen
ceased: ceast
cedrine: cedrin
ceiled: ceild
cell: cel
celled: celd
cenotaph: cenotaf
censurable: censurabl
centre, center: center / centred: centerd
centuple: centupl
cephalic: cefalic
cephalopod: cefalopod
cerography: cerografy
cess-pool, see sess-pool
chaff: chaf
chaffed: chaft
chained: chaind
chaired: chaird
chalcography: chalcografy
chalked: chalkt
chambered: chamberd
chamois: see shammy
championed: championd
changeable: changeabl
channeled, -elled: channeld / channeling, -elling: channeling
chapped: chapt
chargeable: chargeabl
charitable: charitabl
charmed: charmd
charred: chard
chastened: chastend
chastise: chastize
chastizement: chastizment
chasuble: chasubl
chattered: chatterd
cheapen: cheapn / cheapened: cheapnd
checked: checkt
cheered: cheerd
cherished: cherisht
chewed: chewd
chidden: chidn
chill: chil
chilled: chilld
chincough: chincof
chipped:- chipt
chirograph: chirograf
chirography: chirografy
chirped: chirpt
chirruped: chirrupt
chiseled, -elled: chiseld / chiseling,-elling: chiseling
chloride: chlorid
chlorine: chlorin
choler: coler
cholera: colera
choleric: coleric
chopped: chopt
chorography: chorografy
chose: choze / chosen: chozen
chough: chuf
chronicle: chronicl / chronicled: chronicld
chronograph: chronograf
chucked: chuckt
chuckle: chuckl
chuckled: chuckld
chummed: chumd
churched: churcht
churned: churnd
cimitar: see scimitar
cinder: sinder
cipher: cifer / cipherd:- ciferd
circle: circl / circled: circld
circumcise: circumcize
circumvolve: circumvolv
citrine, citrin: citrin
cissors, see scissors
clacked: clackt
claimed: claimd
clambered: clamberd
clamored: clamord
clanked: clankt
clapped: clapt
clashed: clasht
clasped: claspt
classed: clast
clattered: clatterd clavicle: clavicl
clawed: clawd
cleaned: cleand / cleanliness: clenliness / cleanly: clenly
cleanse: clenz / cleansed: cleanzd
cleared:: cleard
cleave: cleav
cleaved: cleavd
clerked: clerkt
clicked: clickt
climbed: climbd
clinched: clincht
clinked: clinkt
clipped: clipt
cloaked: cloakt
cloistered: cloisterd
close, v: cloze
closet: clozet
closure: clozure
clough: cluf
cloyed: cloyd
clubbed: clubd
clucked: cluckt
clustered: clusterd
clutched: clucht
cluttered: clutterd
coached: coacht
coactive: coactiv
coaled: coald
coaxed: coaxt
cobble: cobl
cobbled: cobld
cocked: cockt
cockle: cockl
coddle: codl
coddled: codld
coercive: coerciv
cogitative: cogitativ
cohesive: cohesiv
coined: coind
collapse: collaps / collapsed: collapst
collared: collard
colleague: colleag
collective: collectiv
collusive: collusiv
color: culor / colored: culord / colorable: culorabl
coltered: colterd
combed: combd
combative: combativ
combustible: combustibl
come: cum, cums
comeliness: cumliness
comely: cumly
comfit: cumfit
comfort: cumfort / comfortable: cumfortabl
comforter: cumforter
coming: cuming
commendable: commendabl
commensurable: commensurabl
commingle: commingl
commingled: commingld
commixed: commixt
communicative: communicativ
companion: cumpanion / companionable: cumpanionabl
companionship: cumpanionship
company: cumpany
comparable: comparabl
comparative: comparativ
compass: cumpass
compassed:, cumpast
compatible: compatibl
compelled: compeld
competitive: competitiv
complained: comGplaind
comportable: comportabl
composite: composit
comprehensive: comprehensiv
compressed: comprest
compressible: compressibl
compressive: compressiv
compulsive: compulsiv
computable: computab
concealed: conceald
conceivable: conceivabl / conceive: conceiv / conceived: conceivd
conceptive: conceptiv
concerned: concernd
concessive: concessiv
conclusive: conclusiv
concoctive: concoctiv
concurred: concurd
concussive: concussiv
condensed: condenst
conducive: conduciv
confederative: confederativ
conferred: conferd
confessed: confest
confirmed: confirmd / confirmable: confirmabl
confiscable: confiscabl
conformed: conformd
confront: confrunt
congealed: congeald / congealable: congealabl
conglutinative: conglutinativ
conjoined: conjoind
conjunctive: conjunctiv
connective: connectiv
consecutive: consecutiv
conservative: conservativ
conserve: conserv
considered: considerd
considerable: considerabl
consigned: consignd
consolable: consolabl
constable: cunstabl
constitutive: constitutiv
constrainable: constrainabl
constrained: constraind
constructive: constructiv
contemplative: contemplativ
contemptible: contemptibl
contractible: contractibl
contractile: contractil
contributive: contributiv
controlled: controld
controllable: controllabl
conversed:: converst
conveyed: conveyd
convincible: convincibl
convoyed: convoyd
convulsive: convulsiv
cooed: cood
cooked: cookt
cooled: coold
cooped: coopt
copse: cops
copulative: copulativ
corked: corkt
corned: cornd
corrective: correctiv
correlative: correlativ
corroborative: corroborativ
corrosive: corrosiv
costive: costiv
cosy, cozy: cozy
couched: coucht
cough: cof
coughed: coft
could: coud
councilor, councillor: councilor
counselor, counsellor: counselor
counter-marched: -marcht
countersigned: countersignd
country: cuntry
couple: cupl,cupls / coupled: cupld
couplet: cuplet
coupling: cupling
courage: curage / courageous: curageous
courteous: curteous courtesan: curtesan
courtesy: curtesy
cousin: cuzin
covenant: cuvenant
cover: cuver / covered: cuverd
covert: cuvert
covering: cuvering
coverlet: cuverlet
coverture: cuverture
covet: cuvet
covetous: cuvetous
covey: cuvey
cowed: cowd / cowered: cowerd
cowled: cowld
cozen: cuzen
cozenage: cuzenage
cosy, cozy: cozy
cracked: crackt
crackle: crackl / crackled: crackld
crammed: cramd
cramped: crampt
crashed: crasht
crawled: crawld
creaked: creakt
creamed: creamd
creased: creast
creative: creativ
credible: credibl
crimped: crimpt
crimple: crimpl
crimpled: crimpld
crinkle: crinkl
crinkled: crinzkld
cripple: cripl
crippled: cripld
crisped: crispt
criticise: criticize
croaked: croakt
crooked: crook-ed, crookt
crossed: crost
crotched: crocht
crouched: croucht
crumb: crum / crumbed:-crumd
crumble: crumbl
crumbled: crumbld
crumple: crumpl / crumpled: crumpld
crushed: crusht
crutch: cruch / crutched: crucht
cuff: cuf / cuffed: cuft
culled: culd
culpable: culpabl
cultivable: cultivabl
cumbered: cumberd
cumbersome: cumbersum
cumulative: cumulativ
crimpled: crimpld
crinkle: crinkl
crinkled: crinzkld
cripple: cripl
crippled: cripld
crisped: crispt
criticise: criticize
croaked: croakt
crooked: crook-ed, crookt
cupped: cupt
curable: curabl
curative: curativ
curbed: curbd
curled: curld
cursed: curs-ed, curst
cursive: cursiv
curve: curv / curved: curvd
curvetting: curveting
cuticle: cuticl
cuttle-fish: cutl-fish
dabbed: dabd
dabble: dabl / dabbled: dabld
dactyle: dactyl
daggle: dagl / daggled: dagld
dammned: damd / damnable: damnabl
damped: dampt
dandle: dandl / dandl dandld
dandruff, dandriff: dandruf, dandrif
dangle: dangl / dangled: dangld
dapple: dapl / dappled: dapld
darkened: darkend
darksome: darksum
darned: darnd
dashed: dasht
dative: dativ
daubed: daubd
dauphin: daufin
dawned: dawnd
dazzled:-dazld
dead: ded
deadened:- dedend
deadening:- dedening deadly: dedly
deaf: def or deaf
deafened: defend / deafening: defening / deafness: defness
dealt: delt
dearth: derth
death: deth
debarred: debard
debarked: debarkt
debatable: debatabl
debauched:debaucht
debt: det / debtor: dettor
decalogue: decalog
decamped: decampt
decayed: decayd
deceased: deceast
deceive: deceiv / deceived: deceivd
deceptive: deceptiv
decipher: decifer / deciphered: deciferd
decisive: decisiv
decked: deckt
declaimed: declaimd
declarative: declarativ
decolor: deculor / decolorize: deculorize
decorative: decorativ
decoyed: decoyd
decreased: decreast
decursive: deculsiv
deducible: deducibl
deductive: deductiv
deemed: deemd
deepened: deepend
defeasible: defeasibl
defective: defectiv
defense, defence: defense / defensive: defensiv
definite: definit / definitive: definitiv
deformed: deformd
defrayed: defrayd
deleble: delebl
delectable: delectabl
deliberative: deliberativ
delight: delite / delighted: delited
delivered: deliverd
dell: del
delusive: delusiv
demagogue: demagog
demandable: demandabl
demeaned: demeand
demeanor, demeanour: demeanor
demesne: demene
demolished: demolisht
demonstrable: demonstrabl
demonstrative: demonstrativ
denominative: denominativ
deplorable: deplorabl
deployed: deployd
depressed: deprest
depressive: depressiv
derisive: derisiv
derivative: derivativ
descriptive: descriptiv
deserve: deserv
designed: designd / designable: designabl
desirable: desirabl
despaired: despaird
despatch: despach
despicable: despicabl
despoiled: despoild
destroyed: destroyd
destructive: destructiv
detached: detacht
detailed: detaild
detained: detaind
detective: detectiv
determinable: determinabl
determine: determin / determined: determind
detersive: detersiv
develop, develope: develop / developed: developt
devisable: devizabl
devise: devize
devolve: devolv
devolved: devolvd
dewed: dewd
dialed, dialled: diald
dialist, diallist: dialist
dialing, dialling: dialing
dialogue: dialog
diaphanous: diafanous
diaphoretic: diaforetic
diaphragm: diafragm
dicephalous: dicefalous
diffuse, v.: diffuze
diffusible: diffuzibl
diffusive: diffusiv d
igestible: digestibl
digraph: digraf
digressive: digressiv
dimmed: dimd
diminished: diminisht
diminutive: diminutiv
dimple: dimpl / dimpled: dimpld
dingle: dingl
dinned: dind
dipped: dipt
directive: directiv
disabuse: disabuze
disagreeable: disagreeab
disappeared: disappeard
disarrayed: disarrayd
disavowed: disavowd
disbelieve: disbeliev
disbelieved: disbelievd
disburden: disburdn
disburdened: disburdend
disbursed: disburst
discernible: discernibl
discerned: discernd
discipline: disciplin
disclaimed: disclaimd
disclose: discloze
disclosure: disclozure
discolor: disculor
discolored, -oured: disculord
discomfit: discumfit
discomfort: discumfort
discourage; discurage
discourteous: discurteous
discourtesy: discurtesy
discover: discuver
discovered: discuverd
discovery: discuvery
discreditable: discreditabl
discriminative: discriminativ
discursive: discursiv
discussed: discust
discussive: discussiv
disdained: disdaind
disembarked: disembarkt
disembarrassed:disembarrast
disemboweled: disemboweld
disentangle: disentangl
disentangled: disentanglt
disesteemed: disesteemd
disfavor, disfavour: disfavor / disfavored, disfavoured: disfavord
disguise: disguize
dished: disht
dishearten: dishartn / disheartened: dishartnd
disheveled: disheveld
dishonored, dishonoured: dishonord
disinterred: disinterd
disjunctive: disjunctiv
dismantle: dismantl / dismantled: dismantld
dismembered: dismemberd
dismissed: dismist / dismissive: dismissiv
dispatch: dispach
dispelled: dispeld
dispensable: dispensab / dispensed: dispenst
dispersive: dispersiv
displayed: displayd
displeasure: displezure
displosive: displosiv
dispossesed: dispossest
disputable: disputabl
disreputable: disreputabl
dissemble: dissembl / dissembled: dissembld
dissoluble: dissolubl
dissolvable: dissolvabl
dissolve: dissolv / dissolved: dissolvd
dissuasive: dissuasiv
dissyllable: dissyllabl
distaff: distaf
distained: distaind
distempered: distemperd
distensible: distensibl
distill, distil: distil / distilled: distild
distinctive: distinctiv
distinguishable: distinguishabl
distinguished: distinguisht
distractive: distractiv
distrained: distraind
distressed: distrest
distributive: distributiv
disturbed: disturbd
disuse, v.: disuze
ditched: dicht
divisible: divisibl
docile: docil
docked: dockt
doctrine: doctrin
doff: dof
doffed: doft
doll: dol
dolphin: dolfin
domicile: domcil / domiciled: domicild
donative: donativ
double: dubl, dubls / doubled: dubld
doublet: dublet
doubloon: dubloon
doubt: dout / doubtful: doutful
dove: duv
dowered: dowerd
dozen: duzn
drabble: drabl
draff: draf
draft, draught: draft
dragged: dragd
draggle: dragl / draggled: dragld
dragooned: dragoond
draught, draft: draft
dread: dred / dreadful: dredful
dreamed: dreamd / dreamt: dremt
dredged: dredgd
drenched: drencht
dressed: drest
dribble: dribl / dribbled: dribld
driblet, dribblet: driblet
drill: dril
drilled: drild
dripped: driipt
driven: drivn
drizzle: drizl
drizzled: drizld
dropped: dropt
drowned: drownd
drugged: drugd
drummed: drumd d
ducked: duckt
ductile: ductil
duelist, duellist: duelist
dull: dul, duls / dulled: duld
dumb: dum
durable: durabl
dutiable: dutiabl
dwarfed: dwarft
dwell: dwel
dwelled, dwelt: dwelt
dwindle: dwindl / dwindled: dwindld
eagle: eagl
eared: eard
earl: erl
early: erly
earn: ern / earned: ernd
earnest: ernest
earnings: ernings
earth: erth / earthen: erthen / earthling: erthling / earthly: erthly
eatable: eatabl
eaten: eatn
ebb: eb / ebbed: ebd
eclipse: eclips / eclipsed: eclipst
eclogue: eclog
-ed = d: d
-ed = t: t
edged: edgd
effable: effabl
effective: effectiv
effectual: effectual
effrontery: effruntery
effuse: effuze / effusive: effusiv
egg: eg / egged: egd
elapse: elaps
elapsed: elapst
elective: electiv
electrifiable: electrifiabl
eleven: elevn
eligible: eligibl
ellipse: ellips
elusive: elusiv
embarked: embarkt
embarrassed: embarrast
embellished: embellisht
embezzle: embezl / embezzled: embezld
embossed: embost
emboweled, embowelled: emboweld
embowered:embowerd
embroidered: embroiderd
embroiled: embroild
emphasis: emfasis / emphasize: emfasize
emphatic: emfatic
employed: employd
empurple: empurpl
emulsive: emulsiv
enactive: enactiv
enameled, enamelled: enameld
encamped: encampt
encircle: encircl / encircled: encircld
encompass: encumpas / encompasse: encumpast
encountered: encounterd
encourage: encurage
encroached: encroacht
encumbered: encumberd
endeared: endeard
endeavor, endeavour: endevor / endeavored, endeavoured: endevord
endowed: endowd
endurable: endurabl
enfeeble: enfeebl / enfeebled: enfebld
enfeoff: enfef / enfeoffed: enfeft
endered: engezderd
engine: engin / enginery: enginry
engrained: engraind
engulfed: engulft
enjoyed: enjoyd
enkindle: enikindl
enough: enuf
enravished: enravisht
enriched: enricht
enroll, enrol: enrol / enrolled: enrold
ensanguine: ensanguin
ensealed: enseald
entailed: entaild
entangle: entangl / entangled: entangld
entered: enterd
entertained: entertaind
entrance, v.: entranse / entranced: entranst
entrapped: entrapt
enunciative: enunciativ
enveloped: envelopt
envenomed:envenonmd
epaulet, epaulette: epaulet
ephemera: efemera
ephemeral: efemeral
epigraph: epigraf epilogue: epilog
epitaph: epitaf
equable: equabl
equaled, equalled: equald
equipped: equipt
equitable: equitabl
erasable: erasabl
ermine: ermin
erosive: erosiv
err: er / erred: erd
eruptive: eruptiv
eschewed: eschewd
established.: establisht
estimable: estimabl
etch: ech / etched: echt
euphemism: eufemism
euphemistic: eufemistic
euphonic: eufonic
euphony: eufony
euphuism: eufuism
evasive: evasiv
evincive: evinciv
evitable: evitabl
evolve: evolv / evolved. evolvd
examine: examin / examined. examind
exceptionable: exceptionabl
excessive: excessiv
excitable: excitabl
exclusive: exclusiv
excretive: excretiv
excursive: excursiv
excusable: excuzabl
excuse, v.: excuze
execrable: execrabl
executive: executiv
exercise: exercize
exhaustible: exhaustibl
exorcise: exorcize
expansible: expansibl
expansive: expansiv
expelled: expeld
expensive: expensiv
expiable: expiabl
explainable: explainabl / explained: explaind
expletive: expletiv
explicative: explicativ
explosive: explosiv
expressed: exprest / expressive: expressiv
expugnable: expugnabl
expulsive: expulsiv
exquisite: exquisit
extensible: extensibl
extensive: extensiv
extinguished: extinguisht
extolled. extold
extractive: extractiv
extricable: extricabl
eye: ey
factitive: factitiv
fagged: fagd
failed: faild
fallible: fallibl
faltered: falterd
famine: famin
famished: famisht
farewell: farewel
farmed: farmd
fascicle: fascicl
fashioned: fashiond / fashionable: fashionabl
fastened: fastend
fathered: fatherd
fathomed: fathomd / fathomable: fathomabl
fattened: fatend
favor, favour: favor
favored: favord
favorite: favorit
fawned: fawnd
feared: feard
feasible: feasibl
feather: fether / feathered: fetherd / feathery: fethery
febrile: febril
federative: federativ
feeble: feebl
feign: fein / feigned: feind
feminine: feminin
fence: fense
fermentative: fermentativ
fertile: fertil
festive: festiv
fetch: fech / fetched: fetchd
fevered: feverd
fiber, fibre: fiber / fibered: fiberd
fibrine: fibrin
fickle: fickl
fiddle: fidl / fiddled: fidld
fidgetting: fidgeting
fierce: fierse
filched: filcht
fill: fill / filled: fild
filliped: fillipt
filtered: filterd
fingered: fingerd
finished: finisht
fished: fisht
fissile: fissil
fixed: fixt
fiz: fizz / fizzed: fizd
flagged: flagd
flapped: flapt
flashed: flasht
flattened: flattend
flattered: flatterd
flavor, flavour: flavor / flavored, flavoured: flavord
flawed: flawd
fledged: fledgd
fleered: fleerd
fleshed: flesht
flexible: flexibl
flexile: flexil
flied inched incht
flogged: flogd
floored: floord
floundered: flounderd
flourish: flurish
flourished: flurisht
flushed: flusht
flustered: flusterd
fluttered: flutterd
fluxed: fluxt
fluxible: fluxibl
foaled: foald
foamed: foamed
fobbed: fobd
focused: focust foible: foibl
foiled: foild
followed:: followd
fondle: fondl
fondled: fondld
fooled: foold
forbade: forbad / forbidden: forbidn
forcible: forcibl
foregone : foregon
forehead: forhed
foreign: foren
foreigner: forener
forewarned: forewarnd
forgive: forgiv
forgiveness: forgivness
forgone : forgon
formed: formd
formative: formativ
formidable: formidabl
fosse, foss: foss
fostered:: fosterd
fouled: fould
foundered: founderd
foxed: foxt
fragile: fragil
freckle: freckl
freckled: freckld
freeze: freez
freshened: freshend
fribble: fribbl
friend: frend
frieze: friez
frightened: frightend
frill: fril
frilled: frild
frisked: friskt
frittered: fritterd
frizz: friz / frizzed: frizd
frizzle: frizl / frizzled:: frizld
frolicked: frolickt / frolicsome: frolicsum
front: frunt
frowned: frownd
fugitive: fugitiv
fulfill,fulfil: fulfil / fulfilled: fulfild
full: ful / fulled: fuld
fulsome: fulsum
fumble: fumbl
fumbled: fumbld
furbished: furbisht
furled: furltd
furlough: furlo / furloughed: furloed
furnished: furnisht
furthered: furtherd
furtive: furtiv
furze: furz
fuse: fuze
fusible: fuzibl
fusion: fuzion
fussed: fust
futile: futil
fuzz: fuz
gabbed: gabd
gabble: gabl / gabbled: gabbld
gaff: gaf
gaffle: gafl
gagged: gagd
gained: gaind
galled: galld
gamble: gambl / gambled: gambld
gamesome: gamesum
garble: garbl / garbled: garbld
gardened: gardend
gargle: gargl / gargled: gaglld
garnered: garnerd
gashed: gashht
gasped: gaspt
gauze: gauz
gazelle, gazel: gazel
gazette: gazet
gelatine, gelatin: gelatin
gendered: genderd
genitive: genitiv
gentle: gentl
gentleman: gentlman
genuine: genuin
geographer: geografer / geographic: geografic /geography: geografy
ghastliness: gastliness / ghastly: gastly
ghost: gost
giggle: gigl
gill: gil
girdle: girdl / girdled: girdld
give: giv
given: givn
gladsome: gladsum
gleamed: gleamd
gleaned: gleand glimpse: glimps
glimpsed: glimpst
glistered: glisterd
glittered: glitterd
gloomed: gloomd
glycerine, glycerin: glycerin
glyph: glyf
gnarled: gnarld
gnawed: gnawd
gobble: gobl / gobbled: gobld
godhead: godhed
goggle: gogl / goggled: gogld
goiter, goitre: goiter
gone: gon
good-by, good-bye: good-by
gotten: gotn
govern: guvern / governed:guvernd
governess: guverness / government: guvernment
governor: guvernor
grabbed: grabd
graff: graf
grained: graind
granite: granit
grasped: graspt
grease, v:: greaz, grease / greased: greazd, greast
griddle: gridl
grieve: griev grieved:: grievd
grill: gril / grilled: grild
gripped: gript
grizzle: grizl / grizzled: grizld
groomed: groomd
groove: groov / grooved: groovd
grouped: groupt
groveled: groveld
growled: growld
grubbed:grubd
grudged: grudgd
grumble: grumbl
grumbled: grumbld
guarantee: garantee / guaranty: garanty
guard: gard / guardian: gardian
guess: gess / guessed: gest / guest: gest
guild: gild
guilt: gilt
guilty: gilty
guise: guize
gulfed: gulft
gulped: gulpt
gurgle: gurgl / gurgled: gurgld
gushed: gust
guzzle: guzl / guzzled: guzld
habitable: habitabl
hacked: hackt
hackle: hackl / hackled: hackld
haggle: hagl / haggled: hagld
hailed: haild
hallowed: hallowd
haltered: halterd
halve: halv,halvs / halved: halvd
hampered: hamperd
handcuff: handcuf / handcuffed: handcuft
handsome: handsum
hanged: hangd
happed: hapt
happened: happend
harangue: harang / harangued: harangd
harassed: harast
harbor, harbour: harbor / harbored, harboured: harbord
harked: harkt
harmed: harmd
harnessed: harnest
harped: harpt
harrowed: harrowd
hashed: hasht
hatch: hach
hatched: hacht / hatchment: hachment
haughty: hauty
hauled: hauld
have: hav
havock, havoc: havoc / havocked: havockt
hawked: hawkt
head: hed
headache: hedake
headland: hedland
headlong: hedlong
healed: heald
health: helth / healthy: helthy
heaped: heapt
heard: herd
hearken: harken / hearkened: harkend
hearse: herse
hearsed: herst
heart: hart
hearth: harth
hearty: harty heather:
hether heave: heav
heaved: heavd
heaven: heven
heaves: heavs
heavy: hevy
hedged: hedgd
heeled: heeld
heifer: hefer
heightened: heightend
hell: hel
helped: helpt
helve: helv
hence: hense
hermaphrodite: hermafrodite
hiccough, hiccup: hiccof, hiccup / hiccoughed, hiccupped: hiccoft, hiccupt
hidden: hidn
hill: hil
hilled: hild
hindered: hinderd
hipped: hipt
hissed: hist
hitch: hich / hitched: hicht
hobble: hobl
homestead: homested
honey: huney / honeyed: huneyd
honied: hunied
honor, honour: honor / honored, honoured: honord / honorable, honourable: honorabl
hoodwinked: hoodwinkt
hoofed: hooft
hooked: hookt
hooped: hoopt / hooping-cough; hooping-cof
hopped: hopt
horned: hornd
horography: horografy
horrible: horribl
horsed: horst hortative: hortativ
hospitable: hospitabl
hough, hock: hock
house, v:: houz / housed: houzd / housing: houzing
howled:howld
huff: huf / huffed: huft
hugged: hugd
humble: humbl
humbled:: humbld
humor, humour: humor / humored, humoured: humord
humped: humnpt
husked: huskt
hustle: hustl / hustled: hustld
hutch: huch / hutched: hucht
hydrography: hydrografy
hydrophobia: hydrofobia
hyphen: hyfen / hyphened: hyfend
hypocrite: hypocrit
icicle: icicl
ill: il
illative: illativ
illness: ilness
illusive: illusiv
illustrative: illustrativ
imaginable: imaginabl / imaginative: imaginativ / imagine: imagin / imagined: imagind
imbecile: imbecil
imbittered: imbitterd
imbrowned: inbrownd
imitative: imitativ
immeasurable: immezurab
impaired: impaird
impassive: impassiv
impeached: impeacht
impelled: impeld
imperative: imperativ
imperilled: imperild
implacable: implacabl
impossible: impossibl
impoverished: impoverisht
impressed: imprest / impressive: impressiv
impulsive: impulsiv
inaccessible: inaccessibl
inactive: inactiv
incensed: incenst
incentive: incentiv
inceptive: inceptiv
inclose: incloze inclusive: inclusiv increased: increast incurred: incurd indexed: indext indicative: indicativ
indorsed: indorst
inferred: inferd
infinite: infinit
infixed: infixt
inflective: inflectiv
inflexive: inflexiv
informed: informd
infuse: infuze
inked: inkt
inn: in inned: ind
inquisitive: inquisitiv
installed: installd
instead: insted
instinctive : instinctiv
instructive: instructiv
intelligible: intelligibl
interleave: interleav / interleaved: interleavd
interlinked: interlinkt
intermeddle: intermedl
interrogative: interrogativ
intespersed: interspersed
intestine: intestin
introduction: introduction
intrusive: intrusiv
inurned: inurnd
invective: invectiv
inventive: inventiv
involve: involv / involved: involvd
inweave: inweav
inwrapped: inwrapt
iodine: iodin
irksome: irksum
irritative: irritativ
island: iland
isle: ile
islet: ilet
itch: ich
itched: icht
iterative: iterativ
jabbered: jabberd
jail, gaol: jail / jailed: jaild
jammed: jamd
jarred: jard
jasmine: jasmin / jessamine: jessamin
jealous: jelous / jealousy: jelousy
jeered: jeerd
jeopard: jepard / jeopardy: jepardy
jerked: jerkt
jibbed: jibd
joggle: jogl / joggled: jogld
joined: joind
jostle: jostl / jostled: jostld
journal: jurnal / journalism: jurnalism / journalist: jurnalist
journey: jurney / journeyed: journeyd
joust, just: just
judicative: judicativ
juggle: jugl / juggled: jugld
jumble: jumbl
jumbled: jumbld
jungle: jungl
justifiable: justifiabl
juvenile: juvenil
keelhauled: keelhauld
kettle: ketl
key, quay: key
kidnapped: kidnapt
kill: kil / killed. kild
kindle: kindl / kindled. kindld
kissed. kist
kitchen: kichen
knell: knel
knuckle: knuckl / knuckled: knuckld
labor,labour: labor / labored, laboured: labord
lacked: lackt
lamb: lam
lanched: lancht
languished: languisht
lapse: laps / lapsed: lapst
lashed: lasht
latch: lach / latched: lacht
lathered: latherd
laudable: laudabl
laugh: laf / laughed: laft / laughable: lafabl / laughter: lafter
launched: launcht
laxative: laxativ
lead (metal): led
lead (pret.) : led
leaden: leden
league: leag / leagued: leagd
leaked: leakt
leaned: leand, lent
leaped, leapt: leapt, lept
learn: lern
learned: lern-ed, lernd / learning: lerning / learnt: lernt
leased: least
leather: lether / leathern: lethern
leave: leav
leaven: leven / leavened: levend
leered: leerd
legible: legibl
legislative: legislativ
lenitive: lenitiv
leopard: lepard
lessened: lessend
leveled, levelled: leveld / leveling, levelling: leveling
lexicographer: lexicografer / lexicography: lexicografy
liable: liabl
libeled, libled: libeld
libertine: libertin
licensed: licenst
lighten: lightn / lightened: lightnd
limb: lim
lipped: lipt
lisped: lispt
limped: limpt
listened: listend
lithograph: lithograf / lithogroaphed: lithograft / lithographer: iithografer / lithography: lithografy
little: litl
live: liv / lived: livd / livelong: livlong
loathsome: loathsum
locked: lockt
loitered: loiterd
looked: lookt
loomed: loomd
looped: loopt
loosed: loost / loosened: loosend
lopped: lopt
lovable: luvabl
love: luv / loved: luvd
lovely: luvly
lucrative: lucrativ
luff: luf / luffed: luft / luffed: luft
lull: lul / lulled: luld
lumped: lumpt
lustre, luster: luster
lymph: lymf / lymphatic: lymfatic
lynched: lyncht
mailed: maild
maimed: maimd
maintained: maintaind
maize: maiz
malled: malld
malleable: malleabl
manacle: manacl
maneuver, manoeuvre: maneuver / maneuvered, manoeuvred: maneuverd
marched: marcht
marked: markt
marveled, marvelled: marveld
marvelous, marvellous: marvelous
masculine: masculin
masked: maskt
massive: massiv
nastered: masterd
match: mach
matched: macht
materialise, materialize: materialize
meadow: medow
meant: ment
measles: measls
measurable: mezurabl / measure: mezure / measured: mezurd
meddle: medl
meddled: medld
meddlesome: medlsum
medicine: medicin
meditative: meditativ
melancholy: melancoly
memorable: memorabl
memorialise, memorialize: memorialize
mephitic: mefitic / mephitis: mefitis
mercantile: mercantil
merchandise: merchandize
merchantable: merchantabl
merged: mergd
meshed: mesht
messed: mest
metamorphose: metamorfose / metamorphosis: metamorfosis
metaphysics: metafyics
metre, meter: meter
mettle: metl
mettled: metld
mettlesome: metlsum
mewled: mewld
middle: midl / middling: midling
mildewed: mildewd
mill: mil / milled: mild
mimicked: mimickt
miracle: miracl
misbecome: misbecum
miserable: miserabl misgive: misgiv
missile: missil
missive: missiv
mistletoe: mistltoe
misuse, v:: misuze mitre, miter: miter
mocked: mockt
money: muney
monitive: monitiv
monk: munk
monkey: munkey
monkish: munkish
monograph: monograf
monologue: monolog
monosyllable: monosyllabl
moored: moord
mossed: most
motive: motiv
mouse, v:: mouz / mouser: mouzer
movable: movabl
mowed: mowd
muddle: mudl
muff: muf / muffed: muft
muffle: mufl / muffled: mufld
mulched: mulcht
mumble: mumbl / mumbled: mumbld
munched: muncht
murdered: murderd
murmured: murmurd
muscle: muscl
mutable: mutabl
muzzle: muzl / muzzled: muzld
myrtle: myrtl
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